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写作技能突破
句子成分I: 主语/谓语/宾语
写作离不开句子, 要写好英语的句子, 首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成, 能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。
句子的组成部分分为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语, 其中主语与谓语是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本单元复习主语、谓语和宾语。
一、主语
主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。
练习: 请找出下列句子的主语。
1.The boy comes from America. ( __________________________ )
2.He usually went to school alone. ( __________________________ ) 3. Studying English is very important. ( _______________________________ )
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.( ________________________)
5. That he won the prize excited everyone. ( ___________________________ ) 6. It is important for us to have our dreams. ( __________________________ )
7. It is obvious that he was wrong. ( _________________________________ )
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. ( _________________________________)
二、 谓语
谓语说明主语的动作 (即主语做了什么事) 、状态或特征。谓语由动词或短语动词充当, 或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外, 谓语总是位于主语的后面, 即“主语 >谓语”。
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语, 连系动词与表语一起构成谓语, 情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语, 助动词与动词的适当形式(如:原形、现在分词、过去分词) 共同构成谓语部分。
注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
练习:请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成:实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式?
1. His parents are teachers. ( _____________________________ )
2. The sun rises in the east. ( ______________________________ )
3. We have finished reading the book. ( ______________________________ )
4. You ought to work harder. ( ______________________________ ) 5. I felt cold. ( ______________________________ )
6. He doesn’t like music. ( ______________________________ )
三、宾语
宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词(me, her等), 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当 (包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句) 。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语, 间
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接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做, 直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下, 宾语都在动词后面, 顺序是: 主语 → 谓语 → 宾语。
练习:请找出下列句子的宾语。
1. He has never met her in person. ( ____________________________ )
2. She handed him a book. ( ________________________________ )
3. He likes to play basketball. ( ________________________________ ) 4. We enjoy listening to the music. ( ____________________________ )
5. She said that she felt sick. ( ____________________________ )
6. They sent the injured to hospital. ( ________________________________ ) 7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer.( ________________________ )
8. We consider it no good getting up late.( ____________________________ )
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. ( _______________) 注意
当句子的宾语为__________、___________、或_________时, 常用形式宾语it, 以保持句子的平衡。
句子成分II :表语/定语/状语/补
一、表语
系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词, 如: be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。系动词后 面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词, 也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here, there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质等。
练习:请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词, 不定式, 分词, 还是表语从句) 。
1. My wallet is on the desk. ( _____________________ )
2. The book isn’t mine. ( _____________________ ) 3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. ( ______________________ )
4. He has become a police officer. ( ______________________ )
5. My suggestion is that we should start at once.( _______________________ )
6. My suggestion is to leave at once. ( _____________________________ ) 7. His speech was boring. ( _________________ )
8. The whole class got excited at the good news. ( _________________ )
二、定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词, 起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词, 也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰复合不定代词(如something) 时, 或者是短语或定语从句作定语, 则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。
练习:请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句)
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1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.( _________________ )
2. The wallet on the desk is mine. ( ____________________ )
3. The demanding boss wasn’t satisfied with my work.( ___________________)
4. That building being repaired is our library. ( _________________________) 5. He is one of the students that have been late.( ________________________)
6. The excited boys burst into cheers. ( _______________________ ) 7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work.( ________________ )
三、状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词, 或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等, 作状语的典型词类是副词, 也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。
练习:请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句) 。
1. He did his homework carefully at home. ( ________________________)
写作技能突破
初二
记叙文
19372字
110人浏览
一颗新种子